PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.